Andrew Goodwin

Andrew Goodwin has identified key features in a music video which applies to all music videos. There features that distinguish the music video as a form:

There is a relationship between the lyrics and the visuals. this visuals can either illustrate, amplify or contradicts the lyrics.

There is also a relationship between the music and the visuals. These visuals again either illustrate, amplify or contradict the music.

Music genres can have their own music video style and iconography. For example live stage performances in heavy rock.

There will be a demand from the record company for a lot of close ups of the artist or vocalist. This is so they can create fandom, allowing the audience to connect with the artist and stay loyal to them.

There are references to voyeurism, especially n the treatment of females. There will also be voyeurism in the terms of systems of looking for example screens within screens, binoculars, cameras etc.

It's likely to be intertextual references to either other music videos or to films and TV texts.